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Paper - I

Unit - I : Crime And Criminology - Legal and social definitions of crime - basis of criminalization - nature and scope of criminology

Unit - II : Explanation of Crime (Individualistic approach) - theories of Lambroso, ferri and garofalo - Lambroso theories and subsequent researches - mental deficiency psychoanalytical approach - physiological approach - heredity and crime.

Unit - III : Explanation of Crime (Environmental approaches) - theory of Gabriel de tarde - social disorganisation theories - differential association and criminality - theories of Juvenile Gang and delinquency - famil and crime causation - formal education and delinquency - economic factors and crime - mass communication, media and crime.

Unit - IV : White collar crime - Nature and definition of white collar crime - Explanation of white collar criminality - white collar crime in India - Anti-white collar crime legislation - judicial attitude - recent change.

Unit - V : Elements of Crime - General exceptions in Indian Penal code - Abetment, attempt and conspiracy to commit an offence - Evidence and criminal proceedings - corroboration of evidence - Hearsay evidence - confessions - expert evidence - criminal procedure - rights of the accused - trial of the accused person - sentencing process.

Unit - VI : Nature of Research methodology - research procedure - methods of data collection - statistical methods - basic statistical measures - correlation and regression.

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Paper - II

Unit - I : Variation in punitive policies - theories of punishment.

Unit - II : Kinds of punitive approaches - capital punishment - Imprisonment - fine - forefeiture of property - order for payment of compensation - community service - public censure - Externment - from a locality - corrective labour.

Unit - III : Therapeutic approach - prison system - British prison reform - Pennsylvania system - auburn system - Amercian prison reform - prisonreform in India - prison education and religious instructions - prison labour and Industry - after care programme.

Unit - IV : Therapeutic approach - probation and parole - probation and attitude judical attitude.

Unit - V : Therapeutic approach - juvenile institutions - definition of juvenile delinquency - the concept of juvenile delinquency in India - the growth of juvenile institutions in India - the distinctive characteristics of juvenile courts - Juvenile courts and constitutional safeguards - prevention of juvenile delinquency.

Unit - VI : The police - functions of police - development of police organization in India - Investigation - prosecution - Independence of investigating police and prosecuting attorney - performance of police - forensic science - forensic medicine.

Unit - VII : Recidivism.